SELECT data_key, data_value
FROM xf_data_registry
WHERE data_key IN ('options', 'languages', 'contentTypes', 'codeEventListeners', 'deferredRun', 'simpleCache', 'addOns', 'defaultStyleProperties', 'routeFiltersIn', 'routeFiltersOut', 'routesPublic', 'nodeTypes', 'bannedIps', 'discouragedIps', 'styles', 'displayStyles', 'userBanners', 'smilies', 'bbCode', 'threadPrefixes', 'userTitleLadder', 'reportCounts', 'moderationCounts', 'userModerationCounts', 'notices', 'userFieldsInfo')
Run Time: 0.000601
Select Type | Table | Type | Possible Keys | Key | Key Len | Ref | Rows | Extra |
---|
SIMPLE | xf_data_registry | range | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 27 | | 26 | Using where |
SELECT data_key, data_value
FROM xf_data_registry
WHERE data_key IN ('brListenerClasses', 'brBriviumAddOns')
Run Time: 0.000332
Select Type | Table | Type | Possible Keys | Key | Key Len | Ref | Rows | Extra |
---|
SIMPLE | xf_data_registry | range | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 27 | | 2 | Using where |
SELECT *
FROM xf_brivium_addon
ORDER BY addon_id
Run Time: 0.000140
Select Type | Table | Type | Possible Keys | Key | Key Len | Ref | Rows | Extra |
---|
SIMPLE | xf_brivium_addon | index | | PRIMARY | 77 | | 1 | |
INSERT INTO xf_data_registry
(data_key, data_value)
VALUES
(?, ?)
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
data_value = VALUES(data_value)
Params: brBriviumAddOns, a:0:{}
Run Time: 0.000143
SELECT session_data
FROM xf_session
WHERE session_id = ?
AND expiry_date >= ?
Params: 6ed8862839e1e27ada6b00831a835b95, 1716550417
Run Time: 0.000148
Select Type | Table | Type | Possible Keys | Key | Key Len | Ref | Rows | Extra |
---|
SIMPLE | xf_session | const | PRIMARY,expiry_date | PRIMARY | 34 | const | 1 | |
SELECT cache_value
FROM xf_permission_combination
WHERE permission_combination_id = ?
Params: 1
Run Time: 0.000136
Select Type | Table | Type | Possible Keys | Key | Key Len | Ref | Rows | Extra |
---|
SIMPLE | xf_permission_combination | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | |
SELECT thread.*
,
user.gender, user.avatar_date, user.gravatar,
NULL AS thread_read_date,
0 AS thread_reply_banned,
0 AS thread_is_watched,
'' AS draft_message, NULL AS draft_extra
FROM xf_thread AS thread
LEFT JOIN xf_user AS user ON
(user.user_id = thread.user_id)
WHERE thread.thread_id = ?
Params: 258415
Run Time: 0.000428
Select Type | Table | Type | Possible Keys | Key | Key Len | Ref | Rows | Extra |
---|
SIMPLE | thread | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | |
SIMPLE | user | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | |
SELECT node.*, forum.*
,
permission.cache_value AS node_permission_cache,
NULL AS forum_read_date
FROM xf_forum AS forum
INNER JOIN xf_node AS node ON (node.node_id = forum.node_id)
LEFT JOIN xf_permission_cache_content AS permission
ON (permission.permission_combination_id = 1
AND permission.content_type = 'node'
AND permission.content_id = forum.node_id)
WHERE node.node_id = ?
Params: 38
Run Time: 0.000368
Select Type | Table | Type | Possible Keys | Key | Key Len | Ref | Rows | Extra |
---|
SIMPLE | forum | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | |
SIMPLE | node | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | |
SIMPLE | permission | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 35 | const,const,const | 1 | |
SELECT post.*
,
thread.*, thread.user_id AS thread_user_id, thread.username AS thread_username,
thread.post_date AS thread_post_date,
post.user_id, post.username, post.post_date,
bb_code_parse_cache.parse_tree AS message_parsed, bb_code_parse_cache.cache_version AS message_cache_version,
user.*, IF(user.username IS NULL, post.username, user.username) AS username,
user_profile.*,
user_privacy.*,
signature_parse_cache.parse_tree AS signature_parsed, bb_code_parse_cache.cache_version AS signature_cache_version,
session_activity.view_date AS last_view_date,
0 AS like_date
FROM xf_post AS post
INNER JOIN xf_thread AS thread ON
(thread.thread_id = post.thread_id)
LEFT JOIN xf_bb_code_parse_cache AS bb_code_parse_cache ON
(bb_code_parse_cache.content_type = 'post' AND bb_code_parse_cache.content_id = post.post_id)
LEFT JOIN xf_user AS user ON
(user.user_id = post.user_id)
LEFT JOIN xf_user_profile AS user_profile ON
(user_profile.user_id = post.user_id)
LEFT JOIN xf_user_privacy AS user_privacy ON
(user_privacy.user_id = post.user_id)
LEFT JOIN xf_bb_code_parse_cache AS signature_parse_cache ON
(signature_parse_cache.content_type = 'signature' AND signature_parse_cache.content_id = post.user_id)
LEFT JOIN xf_session_activity AS session_activity ON
(post.user_id > 0 AND session_activity.user_id = post.user_id AND session_activity.unique_key = CAST(post.user_id AS BINARY))
WHERE (
(post.thread_id = ? AND (post.position >= 0 AND post.position < 10) )
)
AND (post.message_state IN ('visible'))
ORDER BY post.position ASC, post.post_date ASC
Params: 258415
Run Time: 0.001692
Select Type | Table | Type | Possible Keys | Key | Key Len | Ref | Rows | Extra |
---|
SIMPLE | thread | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | const | 1 | Using filesort |
SIMPLE | post | ref | thread_id_post_date,thread_id_position | thread_id_post_date | 4 | const | 1 | Using index condition; Using where |
SIMPLE | bb_code_parse_cache | eq_ref | content_type_id | content_type_id | 31 | const,xenforo.cc.post.post_id | 1 | Using where |
SIMPLE | user | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | xenforo.cc.post.user_id | 1 | |
SIMPLE | user_profile | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | xenforo.cc.post.user_id | 1 | |
SIMPLE | user_privacy | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | xenforo.cc.post.user_id | 1 | |
SIMPLE | signature_parse_cache | eq_ref | content_type_id | content_type_id | 31 | const,xenforo.cc.post.user_id | 1 | Using where |
SIMPLE | session_activity | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 22 | xenforo.cc.post.user_id,func | 1 | Using where |
INSERT INTO xf_thread_view
(thread_id)
VALUES
(?)
Params: 258415
Run Time: 0.000086
UPDATE `xf_session` SET `expiry_date` = ? WHERE (session_id = '6ed8862839e1e27ada6b00831a835b95')
Params: 1716554017
Run Time: 0.001008
INSERT INTO xf_session_activity
(user_id, unique_key, ip, controller_name, controller_action, view_state, params, view_date, robot_key)
VALUES
(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
ip = VALUES(ip),
controller_name = VALUES(controller_name),
controller_action = VALUES(controller_action),
view_state = VALUES(view_state),
params = VALUES(params),
view_date = VALUES(view_date),
robot_key = VALUES(robot_key)
Params: 0, , , XenForo_ControllerPublic_Thread, Index, valid, thread_id=258415, 1716550417,
Run Time: 0.000117
INSERT INTO xf_bb_code_parse_cache
(content_type, content_id, parse_tree, cache_version, cache_date)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE parse_tree = VALUES(parse_tree),
cache_version = VALUES(cache_version),
cache_date = VALUES(cache_date)
Params: post, 264287, a:38:{i:0;s:89:"日报标题:不止五彩的儿童房和玩具,幼儿的成长环境需要更丰富
";i:1;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:64:"http://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-86667ed005bcb7ba8f7ca9ff320e4ddb_is.jpg";}}i:2;s:314:" 杨钒,认知神经科学专业博士在读
先说结论。
首先,动物研究的结果对于人类来说极具借鉴意义,甚至可以负责任的说,动物研究就是为了人类研究铺路的。这个研究结果我认为可以套用到人身上(至于为什么稍后再说)。也就是说“";i:3;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:66:"提供丰富的成长环境,对幼儿的生长发育极为重要";}}i:4;s:221:"”。
其次,如何营造丰富的环境?
在动物研究中,丰富环境(Enriched Environment,EE)的定义是指比标准的饲养环境(在大鼠中指的就是塑料笼子加点垫料)具有更多的";i:5;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:42:"认知性、社会性和物理性的刺激";}}i:6;s:227:"(多只大鼠同时饲养与一个较大箱子里,里面有各种颜色各异的活动设备),从而保证了环境的新颖性(经常更换玩具和食物)。
在人类中,丰富环境包括 3 个要素,一是";i:7;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:21:"环境的复杂程度";}}i:8;s:90:"(例如,参与不同的运动、社交活动,从事一些智力性活动),二是";i:9;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:33:"参与到这一环境的动机,";}}i:10;s:6:"三是";i:11;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:24:"这种参与的频率。";}}i:12;s:226:"必须指出这一定义并不是仅仅适用于婴儿的,对于成人来说也是一样。所以宅男们,别窝在家里了,出门去吧。
那么从上述这些定义中我们能得出什么样育儿的建议呢?
";i:13;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:3:"一";}}i:14;s:54:"、丰富环境不仅仅包括物理刺激,也包括";i:15;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:12:"与人交流";}}i:16;s:21:",让幼儿更多的";i:17;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:21:"参与到社会情境";}}i:18;s:248:"中去。所以,多带孩子们逛逛街、逛逛公园,鼓励他们与人(同龄小伙伴或者成人)交流。当然这里插一句,婴儿最多的社会交流还是与父母亲,所以多花点时间陪伴他们也是一个要点。
";i:19;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:63:"http://pic1.zhimg.com/70/8919c8634ecd40d83fdadf03083ba7bc_b.jpg";}}i:20;s:23:"
二、提供更多的";i:21;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:15:"认知性刺激";}}i:22;s:745:",这就包括很多内容了。1,更多的少儿读物是肯定的,我小时候就看过很多书,当时超级痴迷《小学生十万个为什么》(七大本带彩图的),简直看过无数遍。李艳玮等 2012 年的研究发现文化资料对早起语言能力的形成发挥了重要的作用。2,一些智力玩具,比如说拼图积木、乐高等可以发挥无限想象力的东西。3、这里强烈建议不要让小孩过度地玩手机、iPad 之类的电子产品,虽然说上面的游戏似乎符合智力活动的定义。但是弊端太多,比如说,不能增加动手能力、不能促进小朋友和其他人的交流(甚至还有妨碍作用,天天抱着个手机还怎么和别人交流。)
";i:23;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:63:"http://pic4.zhimg.com/70/a6b668a1faa1c7adba5535af480eb8f7_b.jpg";}}i:24;s:29:"
三、物理刺激,包括";i:25;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:27:"感官刺激和身体锻炼";}}i:26;s:534:"。感官刺激其实很好理解,相信带过小孩的都知道,为什么儿童房要五颜六色(幼儿读物也是如此),为什么婴儿床上通常挂个床铃,为什么要经常对婴儿说话(即使它完全不可能听懂),当然我不是指一定要挂床铃什么的,只是尽量地提供给幼儿存在丰富感官刺激的环境就可以了,至于方式是次要的。身体锻炼对于幼儿来说也很重要,一个好的身体意味着太多东西,相反一个不好的身体什么都不是。";i:27;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"url";s:6:"option";s:65:"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v427/n6972/full/427311a.html";s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:73:"[URL='http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v427/n6972/full/427311a.html']";i:1;s:6:"[/URL]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:6:"Nature";}}i:28;s:270:" 这篇学术评论表明锻炼可以增加大脑皮层(灰质)的厚度,而且这个研究还是基于成人被试的(所以对于幼儿来说就更是如此,幼儿的大脑可塑性比成人好太多)!再次,宅男(女)们,出门锻炼去吧。
";i:29;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:63:"http://pic2.zhimg.com/70/d1df8506e4adf050fa18d8f0860a96fd_b.jpg";}}i:30;s:11:"
四、是";i:31;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:1:"b";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:3:"[B]";i:1;s:4:"[/B]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:33:"培养参与上述活动的动机";}}i:32;s:165:"。这个也很重要,不要仅仅让你的小孩参与到这些活动中,而是要让他(她)喜欢上这些活动。这个话题我没经验,可以参考";i:33;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"url";s:6:"option";s:38:"http://www.zhihu.com/question/26006172";s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:46:"[URL='http://www.zhihu.com/question/26006172']";i:1;s:6:"[/URL]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:60:"如何培养孩子的内在动机,让孩子学会主动?";}}i:34;s:1919:"前几名的答案都不错,推荐去看看。
至于丰富环境(EE)有什么好处?我查了几遍综述文章,来和大家分享一下(前方高能预警)。
动物研究:1、EE 有助于提高认知功能,包括反应选择能力、学习能力、空间能力、问题解决能力记忆和加工速度。2、降低无聊感和挫折感。3、在细胞和分子水平上,EE 促进了神经形成(neurogenesis)、突触生成(synaptogenesis)、与记忆和学习有关的大脑皮层的树突密度。4、增加了大脑重量和皮层厚度。
人类研究:1、大量研究发现锻炼大脑具有与锻炼身体类似的健康作用。经常参与智力或者社交活动的老年人的认知能力下降的更慢。更多的社交活动意味着更好的认知功能(老年人)。其实说白了就是 EE 有助于人类的认知能力。2、字词丰富的室内环境以及成人 / 儿童积极互动有助于学龄前儿童的语言能力的发展(Haustein, 2012)。3、EE 与儿童的亲社会行为和朋友数量有关(Rivizzigno, et al., 2014)。
除此之外,无论是动物研究还是人类研究都表明 EE 有助于脑损伤病人的神经修复和认知修复。动物研究还表明 EE 对一系列的中枢系统疾病有帮助,包括 Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, fragile X and Down syndrome, as well as various forms of brain injury.(不是本文重点,只需要了解就可以了,有兴趣的可以看我提供的参考文献 3)
另外,如果您年幼的时候家庭条件不太好,未能提供足够丰富的环境也不要气馁。研究表明青春期或成年期的 EE 有助于防止早期贫瘠的环境带来的影响(也与参考文献 1 有关)。
至于为什么人类可以借鉴动物研究的结果呢?好吧,也不是本文重点,有兴趣的可以关注我的专栏";i:35;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"url";s:6:"option";s:34:"http://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/fusiform";s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:42:"[URL='http://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/fusiform']";i:1;s:6:"[/URL]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:24:"梭状回 - 知乎专栏";}}i:36;s:156:"。
详细的参考文献列表请点击「查看知乎讨论」。
(本文所有图片均来自于网络,如有利益冲突,请联系我删除)
";i:37;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"url";s:6:"option";s:38:"http://www.zhihu.com/question/25578190";s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:46:"[URL='http://www.zhihu.com/question/25578190']";i:1;s:6:"[/URL]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:12:"阅读原文";}}}, 1621686945, 1716550417
Run Time: 0.001072