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2015 年，国际癌症研究机构（IARC）将红肉列入 2A 类致癌物中，即认为红肉很可能是一种具有致癌作用的食品。消息一出，全世界为之哗然，学术圈和民间新闻报道都有不少讨伐的帖子出现。
不过，IARC 毕竟不是草台子机构，将红肉纳入致癌物中，一定有有些依据，毕竟不少研究者发现，红肉与其他蛋白质来源相比，罹患癌症并致死的总风险要高出那么一点点。这个比例没有想象中那么大，相比于白肉，是 9%，而相对于豆类，则是 10%，当然，如果对比于全谷物，就要高得明显一些，是 21%【1】。
值不值得为更高的安全性去改变饮食结构，这其实就是见仁见智的事了。对于根正苗红的吃货，如果因此而放弃涮羊肉、红焖肘子、煎牛排，还有驴肉火烧、兔头、蒸鹿尾什么的（光报菜名就能流口水了），实在有些可惜。于是，大多数关于红肉的研究还是没有一棒子打死，认为一周食用量在 500 g 以下，或者每天食用不超过 100 g，总体还是没什么影响，即便不能很爽地大口吃肉，打打牙祭也还是没问题的。
不管怎么样，近些年针对红肉致癌机理的问题，研究者还是越来越积极，毕竟这是关乎几十亿人幸福的大事，而且的确到现在，为什么吃个肉都能致癌，还是没有什么像样的解释，虽然什么芳香族小分子、某些蛋白质甚至什么 DNA 片段啥的都有人考虑过了。至于我们今天要说的这个话题，算是一种可能，不是要炒作什么大新闻。
其实想到铁是一种可能的致病原因并不奇怪，毕竟红肉作为一大类食物，它们比起白肉家族，存在的一大共性就是——红。而这个红色，我们现在知道，主要来自于血红蛋白与肌红蛋白，而这两者又有一个共性，那就是都含铁。
铁是我们人类的好朋友，这个是世人都很熟悉的。但铁也有狰狞的一面，这个却是很多人未必知道的——我曾问朋友知不知道此事，答曰知道啊，被铁器扎破了手得去打破伤风嘛。
没毛病！我竟无言以对。
铁元素在我们体内几乎都是被束缚住的，一个个卟啉环跟囚笼一样，稳稳地套住了铁离子，无论是肌红蛋白还是血红蛋白，都是如此。当然还有一部分铁是在线粒体里，不过也不是自由的铁离子或是亚铁离子。
如果哪一天突然天下大赦，它们都释放出来的话，你猜猜会怎么着？
你会死。
而其中原因，就是芬顿反应：";i:2;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:3:"img";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:5:"[IMG]";i:1;s:6:"[/IMG]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:64:"https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-5894a0628afa6804cb6a0e441f8ea02b_b.jpg";}}i:3;s:1092:"
红肉本是我们摄入铁的最主要方式，如果不吃红肉，很容易陷入缺铁的问题，而缺铁会导致贫血，这个我们都知道，此外还有一些并不常见的症状。
基于这一点，研究者认为之所以红肉会有致癌的表现，和西方饮食中铁已经不再匮乏有关，很多人甚至日常食用补铁剂，而目前红肉与癌症的关联性也都是基于西方社会得出的结论【2】。
这是个很有意思的观点，也很值得我们深思。在营养补剂大量充斥以至于青壮年也盲目补充各种营养品的今天，前有维生素 E 从神坛跌落，后有补碘的疑云密布，而如今，铁似乎也带来了不小的风险，如果真是这样，红肉致癌的话题就热闹了。
后续会有什么新的发现，我们拭目以待。
参考文献：
【1】A. Pan, WC Willet, et al., Red Meat Consumption and Mortality: Results From Two Cohorts of American Adults, Circulation, 2011, 124, A16109
【2】Małgorzata Czerwonka, et al., Iron in red meat–friend or foe, Meat Science, 2017, 157-165
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