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";i:6;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:304:"该研究的第一作者、伦敦大学学院遗传学研究所的弗朗索瓦•巴洛克斯教授说:“随着越来越多的突变被记录在案，科学家们正迅速试图找出其中任何一种突变是否会使病毒更具传染性或更致命，因为尽早了解这些变化至关重要。”";}}i:7;s:2:"
";i:8;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:180:"“我们采用了一种新技术，来确定带有新突变的病毒是否真的以更高的速率传播，结果发现，所有的候选突变似乎都没有对病毒有利。”";}}i:9;s:2:"
";i:10;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:330:"新冠病毒与其它RNA病毒一样，可以通过三种不同的方式产生突变：错误复制病毒复制过程中的错误，通过与感染同一细胞的其他病毒相互作用（重组或重配），或者它们可以被当做宿主免疫一部分的宿主RNA修饰系统诱导（例如，人自身的免疫系统）。";}}i:11;s:2:"
";i:12;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:153:"大多数突变是中性的，而其它突变则对病毒有利或有害。中性突变和有利突变在传给后代病毒时都可能变得更常见。";}}i:13;s:2:"
";i:14;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:356:"来自伦敦大学学院、Cirad和留尼旺大学以及牛津大学的研究团队，迄今为止已经在全球数据集中识别出了6822个SARS-CoV-2突变。对于其中273个突变，强有力的证据表明它们是重复独立发生的。在这些突变中，研究人员仔细研究了31个在大流行过程中至少独立发生10次的突变。";}}i:15;s:2:"
";i:16;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:321:"为了测试突变是否增加了携带突变的病毒的传播能力，研究人员对病毒的进化树进行了建模，并分析了特定突变在进化树的给定分支内是否变得越来越普遍，即测试突变后是否首先是在病毒中发展，该病毒的后代胜过不携带它的密切相关个体。";}}i:17;s:2:"
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";i:20;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:141:"研究人员发现，大多数常见的突变似乎是由人类免疫系统引起的，而不是病毒适应其新的人类宿主的结果。";}}i:21;s:2:"
";i:22;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:266:"第一作者Lucy van Dorp博士 (伦敦大学学院的遗传学研究所)说:“只能预料，随着病毒在人类中越来越普遍，病毒会发生变异并最终分化为不同的谱系，但这并不一定意味着会出现更易传播或有害的谱系。”";}}i:23;s:2:"
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";i:30;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:126:"美国团队的研究分析了来自英国冠状病毒患者的数据，也表明这种变异可能使病毒更具传染性。";}}i:31;s:2:"
";i:32;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:66:"但专家们说，问题是这项研究没有揭示任何证据。";}}i:33;s:2:"
";i:34;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:247:"多伦多总医院的传染病专家、多伦多大学的教员艾萨克·博格赫(Isaac Bogoch)博士说，“从科学研究中确实没有证据表明，这种特定的突变导致这种病毒比其他病毒的遗传变异更具传染性。”";}}i:35;s:2:"
";i:36;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:69:"“会发生突变吗？会的。它会带来什么？谁知道。”";}}i:37;s:2:"
";i:38;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:144:"突变在自然界中很常见，无论是病毒还是其他生物体内，当细胞在复制阶段出现“错误”时，突变就会发生。";}}i:39;s:2:"
";i:40;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:111:"虽然一些突变可以使病毒更强，但另一些突变可能使病毒更弱。大多数什么都不做。";}}i:41;s:2:"
";i:42;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:228:"哥伦比亚儿童医院临床研究员斯里尼瓦斯·穆尔蒂博士说:“病毒会变异，这就是它们的作用，它们只是随着时间的推移而变化。”他补充说，并不关心美国的这一研究结果。";}}i:43;s:2:"
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";i:46;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:197:"Art Poon是位于安大略省伦敦的西方大学的健康科学副教授和病毒进化专家。他说，人们通常害怕突变，因为他们认为这个词的意思是一种奇怪的缺陷。";}}i:47;s:2:"
";i:48;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:161:"“当人们听到变异时，第一反应会想到X战警，是不是？”Poon表示，“但重要的是要记住，大多数突变不会起任何作用。”";}}i:49;s:2:"
";i:50;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:104:"Poon说，D614G之所以受到如此多的关注，是因为它在COVID-19基因组中的流行程度。";}}i:51;s:2:"
";i:52;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:191:"科学家们认为，这种突变是在2月初引入欧洲的，Poon补充说，它可能“从一个祖先那里遗传而来，而这个祖先恰好是最早离开中国的血统之一。”";}}i:53;s:2:"
";i:54;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:131:"这就意味着D614G的突变在技术上并不是新的，因为在美国和加拿大的大多数病例都可能来自这条链。";}}i:55;s:2:"
";i:56;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:197:"即使加拿大的第一例COVID-19病例来自没有携带D614G突变的原始病毒，Poon说，一旦病毒从欧洲流传进来，北美很快就会有携带这种突变病毒的病例流入。";}}i:57;s:2:"
";i:58;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:175:"他说:“但这并不是因为选择了人传人，而是由于我们所说的‘始祖效应’——在欧洲发现这种流行病的谱系碰巧携带了这种突变。”";}}i:59;s:2:"
";i:60;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:93:"博格赫说，突变实际上可以帮助我们更好地了解病毒，找到它的起源。";}}i:61;s:2:"
";i:62;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:111:"“它们就像病毒的指纹。”他说，“这些突变有很多有用的信息可以帮助科学家。”";}}i:63;s:2:"
";i:64;a:4:{s:3:"tag";s:4:"left";s:6:"option";N;s:8:"original";a:2:{i:0;s:6:"[LEFT]";i:1;s:7:"[/LEFT]";}s:8:"children";a:1:{i:0;s:155:"虽然基因突变可能会给疫苗开发带来问题，但专家表示，没有证据表明D614G会导致研究人员放弃任何已经完成的工作。";}}}, 1621686945, 1714775291
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